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00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 23:59
UTC Time 12:00:00
Local Time 09:00
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Subsolar Point Telemetry
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Subsolar Longitude (GHA) --
Equation of Time (EoT) --
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Observer Solar Ephemeris
Location: Salvador, Brazil
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Photoperiod --h --m
Solar Phase Daylight
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Solar Astronomy & Ephemeris Guide
What is the Subsolar Point and Solar Declination?
The subsolar point is the exact spot on Earth where the Sun is directly overhead at the zenith (90° above horizon). Its latitude corresponds exactly to the solar declination (δ), which oscillates between +23.44° (Tropic of Cancer) on the June solstice and -23.44° (Tropic of Capricorn) on the December solstice due to Earth’s axial tilt of 23.44°.
What is the Equation of Time (EoT)?
Because Earth’s orbit is elliptical (eccentricity e ≈ 0.0167) and tilted with respect to the celestial equator, apparent solar time runs faster or slower than uniform clock time. The Equation of Time is the difference between apparent solar time and mean solar time, varying between -14.2 minutes in mid-February to +16.4 minutes in early November.
Why does the Day/Night Terminator curve shift across seasons?
The terminator is a great circle on the globe 90° away from the subsolar point. When projected onto an Equal Earth or flat world map, this great circle divides the illuminated day hemisphere from nocturnal darkness. During equinoxes (δ = 0°), the terminator passes through both poles. During solstices, it reaches the polar circles at ±66.56°, causing the Arctic or Antarctic midnight sun.
What is the Equal Earth map projection?
Created in 2018 by Bojan Šavrič, Bernhard Jenny, and Tom Patterson, the Equal Earth projection is an equal-area pseudocylindrical projection designed to accurately represent the relative sizes of continents and oceans without extreme high-latitude distortion, preserving true territorial proportions.
How are local sunrise, sunset, and solar noon computed?
Solar noon occurs when the Sun crosses the observer’s local meridian: T_noon = 12h - (Longitude / 15°) - (EoT / 60). Sunrise and sunset are then calculated by solving the spherical triangle where solar altitude equals -0.833° (accounting for 16 arcminutes of solar disc radius plus 34 arcminutes of atmospheric refraction).